CSS Animations

CSS allows animation of HTML elements without using JavaScript or Flash!

In this chapter you will learn about the following properties:

Id prefer to drop my height to about 0.9 but animations start getting weird. If we're still playing Skyrim and haven't modded the crap out of. A: Animations sometimes are not aligned and it just happens. If it is a height problem you can change the height of your character to 1.0 to accommodate alignment to Bishops height for the kissing animations. Sometimes the camera angle throws of the character’s direction off-setting the animation.

Height
  • @keyframes
  • animation-name
  • animation-duration
  • animation-delay
  • animation-iteration-count
  • animation-direction
  • animation-timing-function
  • animation-fill-mode
  • animation

Browser Support for Animations

The numbers in the table specify the first browser version that fully supports the property.

Property
@keyframes43.010.016.09.030.0
animation-name43.010.016.09.030.0
animation-duration43.010.016.09.030.0
animation-delay43.010.016.09.030.0
animation-iteration-count43.010.016.09.030.0
animation-direction43.010.016.09.030.0
animation-timing-function43.010.016.09.030.0
animation-fill-mode43.010.016.09.030.0
animation43.010.016.09.030.0

Browser Specific Prefixes

Some older browsers need specific prefixes (-webkit-) to understand the animation properties:

Example

div {
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
background-color: red;
-webkit-animation-name: example; /* Safari 4.0 - 8.0 */
-webkit-animation-duration: 4s; /* Safari 4.0 - 8.0 */
animation-name: example;
animation-duration: 4s;
}
/* Safari 4.0 - 8.0 */
@-webkit-keyframes example {
from {background-color: red;}
to {background-color: yellow;}
}
/* Standard syntax */
@keyframes example {
from {background-color: red;}
to {background-color: yellow;}
}
Try it Yourself »

What are CSS Animations?

An animation lets an element gradually change from one style to another.

You can change as many CSS properties you want, as many times you want.

To use CSS animation, you must first specify some keyframes for the animation. Pes cheats ps2.

Keyframes hold what styles the element will have at certain times.

The @keyframes Rule

When you specify CSS styles inside the @keyframes rule, the animation will gradually change from the current style to the new style at certain times.

To get an animation to work, you must bind the animation to an element.

The following example binds the 'example' animation to the <div> element. The animation will last for 4 seconds, and it will gradually change the background-color of the <div> element from 'red' to 'yellow':

Example

/* The animation code */
@keyframes example {
from {background-color: red;}
to {background-color: yellow;}
}
/* The element to apply the animation to */
div {
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
background-color: red;
animation-name: example;
animation-duration: 4s;
}
Try it Yourself »

Note: The animation-duration property defines how long time an animation should take to complete. If the animation-duration property is not specified, no animation will occur, because the default value is 0s (0 seconds).

In the example above we have specified when the style will change by using the keywords 'from' and 'to' (which represents 0% (start) and 100% (complete)).

It is also possible to use percent. By using percent, you can add as many style changes as you like.

The following example will change the background-color of the <div> element when the animation is 25% complete, 50% complete, and again when the animation is 100% complete:

Example

/* The animation code */
@keyframes example {
0% {background-color: red;}
25% {background-color: yellow;}
50% {background-color: blue;}
100% {background-color: green;}
}
/* The element to apply the animation to */
div {
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
background-color: red;
animation-name: example;
animation-duration: 4s;
}
Try it Yourself »

The following example will change both the background-color and the position of the <div> element when the animation is 25% complete, 50% complete, and again when the animation is 100% complete:

Example

/* The animation code */
@keyframes example {
0% {background-color:red; left:0px; top:0px;}
25% {background-color:yellow; left:200px; top:0px;}
50% {background-color:blue; left:200px; top:200px;}
75% {background-color:green; left:0px; top:200px;}
100% {background-color:red; left:0px; top:0px;}
}
/* The element to apply the animation to */
div {
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
position: relative;
background-color: red;
animation-name: example;
animation-duration: 4s;
}
Try it Yourself »

Delay an Animation

The animation-delay property specifies a delay for the start of an animation.

The following example has a 2 seconds delay before starting the animation:

Example

div {
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
position: relative;
background-color: red;
animation-name: example;
animation-duration: 4s;
animation-delay: 2s;
}
Try it Yourself »

Negative values are also allowed. If using negative values, the animation will start as if it had already been playing for N seconds.

In the following example, the animation will start as if it had already been playing for 2 seconds:

Example

div {
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
position: relative;
background-color: red;
animation-name: example;
animation-duration: 4s;
animation-delay: -2s;
}
Try it Yourself »

Set How Many Times an Animation Should Run

The animation-iteration-count property specifies the number of times an animation should run.

The following example will run the animation 3 times before it stops:

Example

div {
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
position: relative;
background-color: red;
animation-name: example;
animation-duration: 4s;
animation-iteration-count: 3;
}
Try it Yourself »

The following example uses the value 'infinite' to make the animation continue for ever:

Example

div {
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
position: relative;
background-color: red;
animation-name: example;
animation-duration: 4s;
animation-iteration-count: infinite;
}
Try it Yourself »

Run Animation in Reverse Direction or Alternate Cycles

The animation-direction property specifies whether an animation should be played forwards, backwards or in alternate cycles.

The animation-direction property can have the following values:

  • normal - The animation is played as normal (forwards). This is default
  • reverse - The animation is played in reverse direction (backwards)
  • alternate - The animation is played forwards first, then backwards
  • alternate-reverse - The animation is played backwards first, then forwards

The following example will run the animation in reverse direction (backwards):

Example

div {
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
position: relative;
background-color: red;
animation-name: example;
animation-duration: 4s;
animation-direction: reverse;
}
Try it Yourself »Animations in skyrim heights

The following example uses the value 'alternate' to make the animation run forwards first, then backwards:

Example

div {
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
position: relative;
background-color: red;
animation-name: example;
animation-duration: 4s;
animation-iteration-count: 2;
animation-direction: alternate;
}
Try it Yourself »

The following example uses the value 'alternate-reverse' to make the animation run backwards first, then forwards:

Example

div {
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
position: relative;
background-color: red;
animation-name: example;
animation-duration: 4s;
animation-iteration-count: 2;
animation-direction: alternate-reverse;
}
Try it Yourself »

Specify the Speed Curve of the Animation

The animation-timing-function property specifies the speed curve of the animation.

The animation-timing-function property can have the following values:

  • ease - Specifies an animation with a slow start, then fast, then end slowly (this is default)
  • linear - Specifies an animation with the same speed from start to end
  • ease-in - Specifies an animation with a slow start
  • ease-out - Specifies an animation with a slow end
  • ease-in-out - Specifies an animation with a slow start and end
  • cubic-bezier(n,n,n,n) - Lets you define your own values in a cubic-bezier function

The following example shows the some of the different speed curves that can be used:

Example

#div1 {animation-timing-function: linear;}
#div2 {animation-timing-function: ease;}
#div3 {animation-timing-function: ease-in;}
#div4 {animation-timing-function: ease-out;}
#div5 {animation-timing-function: ease-in-out;}
Try it Yourself »

Specify the fill-mode For an Animation

CSS animations do not affect an element before the first keyframe is played or after the last keyframe is played. The animation-fill-mode property can override this behavior.

The animation-fill-mode property specifies a style for the target element when the animation is not playing (before it starts, after it ends, or both).

The animation-fill-mode property can have the following values:

  • none - Default value. Animation will not apply any styles to the element before or after it is executing
  • forwards - The element will retain the style values that is set by the last keyframe (depends on animation-direction and animation-iteration-count)
  • backwards - The element will get the style values that is set by the first keyframe (depends on animation-direction), and retain this during the animation-delay period
  • both - The animation will follow the rules for both forwards and backwards, extending the animation properties in both directions

The following example lets the <div> element retain the style values from the last keyframe when the animation ends:

Example

div {
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
background: red;
position: relative;
animation-name: example;
animation-duration: 3s;
animation-fill-mode: forwards;
}
Try it Yourself »

The following example lets the <div> element get the style values set by the first keyframe before the animation starts (during the animation-delay period):

Example

div {
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
background: red;
position: relative;
animation-name: example;
animation-duration: 3s;
animation-delay: 2s;
animation-fill-mode: backwards;
}
Try it Yourself »

The following example lets the <div> element get the style values set by the first keyframe before the animation starts, and retain the style values from the last keyframe when the animation ends:

The more complicated point and click game

Example

div {
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
background: red;
position: relative;
animation-name: example;
animation-duration: 3s;
animation-delay: 2s;
animation-fill-mode: both;
}
Try it Yourself »

Animation Shorthand Property

The example below uses six of the animation properties:

Example

div {
animation-name: example;
animation-duration: 5s;
animation-timing-function: linear;
animation-delay: 2s;
animation-iteration-count: infinite;
animation-direction: alternate;
}
Try it Yourself »

The same animation effect as above can be achieved by using the shorthand animation property:

Example

div {
animation: example 5s linear 2s infinite alternate;
}
Try it Yourself »

Test Yourself with Exercises!

CSS Animation Properties

The following table lists the @keyframes rule and all the CSS animation properties:

PropertyDescription
@keyframesSpecifies the animation code
animationA shorthand property for setting all the animation properties
animation-delaySpecifies a delay for the start of an animation
animation-directionSpecifies whether an animation should be played forwards, backwards or in alternate cycles
animation-durationSpecifies how long time an animation should take to complete one cycle
animation-fill-modeSpecifies a style for the element when the animation is not playing (before it starts, after it ends, or both)
animation-iteration-countSpecifies the number of times an animation should be played
animation-nameSpecifies the name of the @keyframes animation
animation-play-stateSpecifies whether the animation is running or paused
animation-timing-functionSpecifies the speed curve of the animation